FORTH Glossary of Words for Flashforth

All words / Tous les mots

!  ( n addr -- ) voc: forth

Store n to address.
...see more...

!p  ( addr -- ) voc: forth

Store addr to p(ointer) register.

!p>r  ( addr -- ) voc: forth

Push contents of p to return stack and stor addr to p

#  ( ud1 -- ud2 ) voc: forth

Convert 1 digit to formatted numeric string.

#>  ( ud1 -- c-addr u ) voc: forth

COMPILE_ONLY
Leave address and count of formatted numeric string.

#s  ( ud1 -- ud2 ) voc: forth

COMPILE_ONLY
Convert remaining digits to formatted numeric output

'  ( -- cfa ) voc: forth

Parse word and find it in dictionary. If found, leave the cfa of this word.
...see more...

'emit  ( -- addr ) voc: forth

User Variable. EMIT vector. TX0, TX1, TX2 or TXU.
emit vector. Default is tx1.

'key  ( -- addr ) voc: forth

User variable.
key vector. RX0, RX1, RX2, RX3 or RXU

'key?  ( -- addr ) voc: forth

User Variable.
key? vector. RX0?, RX1?, RX2?, RX3? or RXU?

'source  ( -- addr ) voc: forth

User Variable.
Current input source.

(  ( -- ) voc: forth

Skip input on the same line until ) is encountered.

*  ( n1 n2 -- n1*n2 )   ANSI voc: forth

Integer multiplication of two numbers.
...see more...

*/  ( n1 n2 n3 -- n4=(n1*n2)/n3 ) voc: forth

Multiply n1 by n2 producing the intermediate double-cell result d. Divide d by n3 giving the single-cell quotient n4.
...see more...

*/mod  ( n1 n2 n3 -- rem quot ) voc: forth

Multiply n1 with n2 and divide with n3 via 32-bit intermediate result.

+  ( n1 n2 -- n3=n1+n2 ) voc: forth

Addition of two signed single precision integers.
...see more...

+!  ( n addr -- ) voc: forth

Increments the content of a variable by the value n
...see more...

,  ( x -- ) voc: forth

Append x to the current data section.

,"  ( -- string" ) voc: forth

Append a string at HERE.

-  ( n1 n2 -- n3=n1-n2 )   ANSI voc: forth

Subtract two integers.
...see more...

-@  ( addr -- addr-2 n ) voc: forth

Fetch from addr and decrement addr by 2

.  ( n -- ) voc: forth

Remove the value at the top of the stack and display it as a signed single precision integer.
...see more...

."  ( -- <string> ) voc: forth

The word ." can only be used in a compiled definition.
At runtime, it displays the text between this word and the delimiting " character end of string.
...see more...

.id  ( nfa-addr -- ) voc: forth

Displays the name of a token, given its name field address.

.s  ( -- ) voc: forth

Displays the content of the data stack, with no action on the content of this stack.

.st  ( -- ) voc: forth

Emit status string for base, current data section, and display the stack contents.

/  ( n1 n2 -- n3 ) voc: forth

Divide n1 by n2, giving the single-cell quotient n3.
...see more...

/mod  ( n n -- rem quot ) voc: forth

16/16 -> 16-bit signed division.

/string  ( addr u n -- addr+n u-n ) voc: forth

Trim string.

0<  ( n -- fl ) voc: forth

Leave true flag if n is less than zero.

0=  ( x -- fl ) voc: forth

flag is true if and only if x is equal to zero.
...see more...

1  ( -- 1 ) voc: forth

Predefined constant. Stacks the value 1

1+  ( n -- n+1 ) voc: forth

Increments the value at the top of the stack.
...see more...

1-  ( n -- n-1 ) voc: forth

Decrements the value at the top of the stack.
...see more...

2*  ( n -- n*2 ) voc: forth

Multiply n by two.
...see more...

2+  ( n -- n+2 ) voc: forth

Increments 2 the value at the top of the stack.
...see more...

2-  ( n -- n-2 ) voc: forth

Decrements 2 the value at the top of the stack.
...see more...

2/  ( n -- n/2 ) voc: forth

Divide n by two.
...see more...

2@  ( addr -- x1 x2 ) voc: forth

Fetch two cells

2constant  ( comp: d -- <name> | exec: -- d ) voc: forth

Creation word. Defines a double precision constant.
...see more...

2drop  ( d -- ) voc: forth

Removes the double-precision integer that was there from the top of the data stack.
...see more...

2dup  ( d -- d d ) voc: forth

Copies the double-precision number at the top of the data stack. Equivalent to n1 n2 --- n1 n2 n1 n2.
...see more...

2variable  ( comp: -- <name> | exec: -- addr ) voc: forth

Creation word. Defines a double precision variable.
...see more...

4*  ( n -- n*4 ) voc: forth

Multiply n by four.
...see more...

:  ( comp: -- )   ANSI voc: forth

The word : is the most used creation word in FORTH.
...see more...

:noname  ( -- cfa ) voc: forth

Define headerless forth code. cfa-addr is the code execution of a definition.
...see more...

;  ( -- )   ANSI voc: forth

Immediate execution word usually ending the compilation of a "colon" definition.
...see more...

;i  ( -- ) voc: forth

mmediate execution word completing the compilation of a "colon" definition but intended to be used through an interruption.
...see more...

<  ( x1 x2 -- fl ) voc: forth

Test if x1 is less than x2.

<#  ( -- ) voc: forth

Compile Only
Begin numeric conversion
...see more...

<>  ( x1 x2 -- fl ) voc: forth

flag is true if and only if x1 is different x2.
...see more...

=  ( x1 x2 -- fl ) voc: forth

flag is true if and only if x1 is equal x2.
...see more...

>  ( x1 x2 -- fl ) voc: forth

Test if x1 is greater than x2.

>a  ( x -- ) voc: forth

Write to the A register.

>body  ( cfa -- pfa ) voc: forth

pfa is the data-field address corresponding to cfa.

>in  ( -- addr ) voc: forth

User Variable.
Holds offset into tib.

>pr  ( c -- c ) voc: forth

Convert a character to a graphic ASCII value.
Non-graphic characters are converted to a dot.

>r  ( x -- | R: -- x ) voc: forth

COMPILE_ONLY.
Push x from the parameter stack to the return stack.

?abort  ( flag c-addr u -- ) voc: forth

Print message and abort if flag is false.

?abort?  ( flag -- ) voc: forth

If flag is false output ? and abort

?dnegate  ( d n -- d ) voc: forth

Negate d if n is negative.

?negate  ( n1 n2 -- n3 ) voc: forth

Negate n1 if n2 is negative.

@  ( addr -- n ) voc: forth

Retrieves the integer value n stored at address addr.
...see more...

@+  ( a-addr1 -- a-addr2 x ) voc: forth

Fetch cell from a-addr1 and increment a-addr1 by cellsize.

@ex  ( addr -- ) voc: forth

Fetch vector from addr and execute.

@p  ( -- x ) voc: forth

Fetch the p register to the stack.
...see more...

a>  ( -- x ) voc: forth

Read from the A register.
...see more...

abort  ( -- ) voc: forth

Reset stack pointer and execute quit.

abort"  ( -- "string" ) voc: forth

COMPILE_ONLY
Compile inline string and postpone ?abort

abs  ( n -- n' ) voc: forth

Return the absolute value of n.
...see more...

accept  ( c-addr +n -- +n' ) voc: forth

Get line from terminal.

again  ( addr -- ) voc: forth

End structure begin ... again.

align  ( -- ) voc: forth

Align the current data section dictionary pointer to cell boundary.

aligned  ( addr -- a-addr ) voc: forth

Align addr to a cell boundary.

allot  ( n -- ) voc: forth

Adjust the current data section dictionary pointer.
...see more...

and  ( n1 n2 -- n3 ) voc: forth

Execute logic AND.
...see more...

base  ( -- addr ) voc: forth

Single precision variable determining the current numerical base.
...see more...

begin  ( -- addr ) voc: forth

COMPILE_ONLY
begin ... again
begin ... until
begin ... while ... repeat

bin  ( -- ) voc: forth

Select binary base.
...see more...

bl  ( -- 32 ) voc: forth

Constante. Empile 32 qui est le code ascii du caractère 'espace'.

c!  ( c addr -- ) voc: forth

Stores an 8-bit c value at address addr.
...see more...

c,  ( c -- ) voc: forth

Append c to the current data section.
...see more...

c>n  ( cfa -- nfa ) voc: forth

Convert cfa to nfa.

c@  ( addr -- c ) voc: forth

Retrieves the 8-bit c value stored at address addr.
...see more...

c@+  ( c-addr1 -- c-addr2 c ) voc: forth

Fetch char from addr1 and increment addr1.

cell  ( -- 2 ) voc: forth

Return number of bytes in a integer.

cell+  ( addr1 -- addr2 ) voc: forth

Add cell size to addr1.

char  ( -- ) voc: forth

Place xchar, the value of the first xchar of name, on the stack.
...see more...

cmove  ( addr1 addr2 u -- ) voc: forth

Move u chars from addr1 to addr2.

constant  ( comp: n -- <name> | exec: -- n )   ANSI voc: forth

Creation word. Defines a simple precision constant.
...see more...

cr  ( -- ) voc: forth

Show a new line return.
...see more...

create  ( comp: -- | exec: -- addr ) voc: forth

Create a new word.
...see more...

cwd  ( -- ) voc: forth

Clear the WatchDog counter.

d+  ( d1 d2 -- d3 ) voc: forth

Add double numbers.
...see more...

d-  ( d1 d2 -- d3 ) voc: forth

Subtract double numbers.
...see more...

d.  ( d -- ) voc: forth

Removes the double value from the top of the stack and displays it as a signed double precision integer.
...see more...

d0=  ( d -- fl ) voc: forth

True if d equals zero.

d2*  ( d -- d*2 ) voc: forth

Multiply by 2
...see more...

dabs  ( d -- +d ) voc: forth

Absolute value of double precision integer.
...see more...

decimal  ( -- ) voc: forth

Selects the decimal number base. It is the default digital base when FORTH starts.
...see more...

defer  ( -- <name> ) voc: forth

Create a vectorized execution word.
...see more...

di  ( -- ) voc: forth

Disable interrupts.
...see more...

digit  ( n -- c ) voc: forth

Convert n to ascii character value

dinvert  ( d1 -- d2 ) voc: forth

Bit inversion on 32 bits.

dnegate  ( d -- -d ) voc: forth

Negate double number.
...see more...

dp  ( -- addr ) voc: forth

Eeprom variable mirrored in ram.
Leave the address of the current data section dictionary pointer.

drop  ( n -- )   ANSI voc: forth

Removes the single-precision integer that was there from the top of the data stack.
...see more...

dump  ( addr n ) voc: forth

Display a memory dump.

DUP  ( n -- n n )   ANSI voc: forth

Duplicates the single-precision integer at the top of the data stack.
...see more...

eeprom  ( -- ) voc: forth

Set address context to EEPROM.

ei  ( -- ) voc: forth

Enable interrupts.

else  ( -- )   ANSI voc: forth

Word of immediate execution and used in compilation only. Mark a alternative in a control structure of the type:
  (condition) IF ... ELSE ... THEN ...
At runtime, if the condition on the stack before IF is false, there is a break in sequence with a jump following ELSE, then resumed in sequence after THEN
...see more...

emit  ( c -- ) voc: forth

Display character code c.
...see more...

empty  ( -- ) voc: forth

The word empty will remove all dictionary entries that you have made and reset all memory allocations to the original values of the core FlashForth interpreter.

endit  ( -- ) voc: forth

Set the loop index to 0, which will cause the loop to end when executed of next.

execute  ( cfa -- ) voc: forth

Execute word from his cfa address.
...see more...

exit  ( -- ) voc: forth

Aborts the execution of a word and gives back to the calling word.
Typical use: : X ... test IF ... EXIT THEN ... ;

false  ( -- 0 ) voc: forth

Preset constant. Push 0 on stack.
...see more...

Fcy  ( -- u ) voc: forth

CPU & peripheral clock frequency in KHz.

fl+  ( -- ) voc: forth

Enable writes to Flash, EEPROM, default.

fl-  ( -- ) voc: forth

Disables writes to Flash memory, EEPROM.
...see more...

flash  ( -- ) voc: forth

Set address context to Flash.
...see more...

for  ( n -- ) voc: forth

Marks the start of a loop for .. next
...see more...

forget  ( -- <name> ) voc: forth

Searches the dictionary for a name following it. If it is a valid word, trim dictionary below this word. Display an error message if it is not a valid word.

here  ( -- addr ) voc: forth

Leave the current data section dictionary pointer.

hex  ( -- ) voc: forth

Selects the hexadecimal digital base.
...see more...

hi  ( -- addr ) voc: forth

Leave the high limit of the current data space.
...see more...

i,  ( x -- ) voc: forth

Append x to the flash data section.

ic,  ( c -- ) voc: forth

Append c to the flash data section.

if  ( fl -- )   ANSI voc: forth

The word IF is of immediate execution.
IF marks the beginning of a control structure of type IF..THEN or IF..ELSE..THEN.
At runtime, the definition part between IF and THEN or between IF and ELSE is executed if the boolean flag at the top of the data stack is true (f<>0).
Otherwise, if the boolean flag is false (f=0), the definition part located between ELSE and THEN will be executed. If there is no ELSE, execution continues after THEN.
...see more...

iflush  ( -- ) voc: forth

Flush the flash write buffer.

immed?  ( addr -- n ) voc: forth

Leave a nonzero value if addr contains a immediate flag.

immediate  ( -- ) voc: forth

Make the most recent definition an immediate word.
...see more...

int!  ( xt vector-no -- ) voc: forth

Store interrupt vector to table.
...see more...

interpret  ( addr len -- ) voc: forth

Interpret the buffer

invert  ( x1 -- x2 ) voc: forth

Complement to one of x1.
...see more...

is  ( cfa -- <name> ) voc: forth

Affecte le code d'exécution d'un mot à un mot d'exécution vectorisée.
...see more...

key  ( -- c ) voc: forth

Waits for a key to be pressed. Pressing a key returns its ASCII code.
...see more...

key?  ( -- fl ) voc: forth

Returns true if a key is pressed.
...see more...

literal  ( x -- ) voc: forth

Compiles the value x as a literal value.
...see more...

load+  ( -- ) voc: forth

Enable on the load led.
ATMEGA

load-  ( -- ) voc: forth

Disable on the load led.
ATMEGA

lshift  ( x1 u -- x2 ) voc: forth

Shift to the left of u bits by the value x1.
...see more...

m+  ( d1 n -- d2 ) voc: forth

Adds a single-precision signed integer n1 to a signed double-precision integer d1 and leaves on the stack a double-precision signed integer d2.
...see more...

marker  ( -- <name> ) voc: forth

As you develop an application, it will often be convenient to return to an earlier, intermediate dictionary and memory allocation state. This can be done with the word marker.
...see more...

max  ( n1 n2 -- n1|n2 ) voc: forth

Leave max of n1 and n2.

mclr  ( c addr -- ) voc: forth

Clear bits in addr register with mask c.
...see more...

min  ( n1 n2 -- n1|n2 ) voc: forth

Leave min of n1 and n2.

mod  ( n1 n2 -- n3 ) voc: forth

Divide n1 by n2, giving the single-cell remainder n3.
...see more...

ms  ( n -- ) voc: forth

Waiting in milliseconds.
b class="alert"> CAUTION the word ms blocks all others process. For long expectations, it is advisable to split the wait long in a succession of short expectations in a loop-type begin..until for example.
...see more...

mset  ( c addr -- ) voc: forth

Set bits in file register with mask c.
...see more...

mtst  ( c addr -- x ) voc: forth

AND file register byte with mask c.

n>c  ( cfa -- nfa ) voc: forth

Convert nfa to cfa.

negate  ( n -- n' ) voc: forth

Two's complement of n.
...see more...

next  ( -- ) voc: forth

Marks the end of a loop for .. next

nip  ( n1 n2 -- n2 ) voc: forth

Remove n1 from the stack.

or  ( n1 n2 -- n3 ) voc: forth

Execute logic OR.
...see more...

over  ( n1 n2 -- n1 n2 n1 ) voc: forth

Place a copy of n1 on top of the stack.
...see more...

p!  ( x -- ) voc: forth

Store x to the location pointed by the p register.

p+  ( -- ) voc: forth

Increment P register by one.

p++  ( n -- ) voc: forth

Add n to the p register.

p2+  ( -- ) voc: forth

Add 2 to P register.

p@  ( -- x ) voc: forth

Fetch the cell pointed by the p register.

pc!  ( c -- ) voc: forth

Store c to the location pointed by the p register.

pc@  ( -- c ) voc: forth

Fetch the char pointed by the p register.

r>p  ( -- ) voc: forth

COMPILE_ONLY
Pop from return stack to p register.

ram  ( -- ) voc: forth

Set address context to SRAM.

rdrop  ( -- ) voc: forth

Discard top item of return stack.

rot  ( n1 n2 n3 -- n2 n3 n1 ) voc: forth

Rotate three top stack items.

rshift  ( x1 u -- x2 ) voc: forth

Shift to the right of u bits by the value x1.
...see more...

rx0  ( -- c ) voc: forth

Receive a character from UART0.
ATMEGA

rx1  ( -- c ) voc: forth

Receive a character from UART1.

s>d  ( n -- d ) voc: forth

Sign extend single to double precision number.
...see more...

sp!  ( addr -- ) voc: forth

Sets the stack pointer to addr, thus restoring the stack depth to the same depth that existed just before addr was acquired by executing sp@.

sp0  ( -- addr ) voc: forth

Initial value of the data stack pointer.

sp@  ( -- addr ) voc: forth

Returns the address corresponding to the top of data stack.

space  ( -- ) voc: forth

Display one space.

spaces  ( n -- ) voc: forth

If n is greater than zero, display n spaces.

state  ( -- fl ) voc: forth

Compilation state. State can only be changed by [ and ].

swap  ( n1 n2 -- n2 n1 ) voc: forth

Swaps values at the top of the stack.
...see more...

then  ( -- )   ANSI voc: forth

Immediate execution word used in compilation only. Mark the end a control structure of type IF..THEN or IF..ELSE..THEN .

tib  ( -- addr ) voc: forth

Address of the terminal input buffer.

ticks  ( -- u ) voc: forth

System ticks. One tick per millisecond.
...see more...

to  ( n --- <valname> ) voc: forth

to assign new value to valname
...see more...

true  ( -- -1 ) voc: forth

Preset constant. Push -1 on stack.
...see more...

tuck  ( n1 n2 -- n2 n1 n2 ) voc: forth

Insert n2 below n1 in the stack.

tx0  ( c -- ) voc: forth

Send a character to UART 0.
ATMEGA

tx1  ( c -- ) voc: forth

Send a character to UART 1.

type  ( addr len -- ) voc: forth

Display the string characters over len bytes.
...see more...

u.  ( x -- ) voc: forth

Removes the value from the top of the stack and displays it as an unsigned single precision integer.
...see more...

u/mod  ( n1 n2 n3 -- n4 n5 ) voc: forth

Unsigned int/int->int division

ud.  ( d -- ) voc: forth

Removes the value from the top of the stack and displays it as an unsigned double precision integer.
...see more...

um*  ( u1 u2 -- ud ) voc: forth

Unsigned 16x16 -> 32 bit multiply

umax  ( n1 n2 -- n1|n2 ) voc: forth

Leave the unsigned larger of n1 and n2.

umin  ( u1 u2 -- u1|u2 ) voc: forth

Leave the unsigned smaller of u1 and u2.

until  ( fl -- ) voc: forth

COMPILE_ONLY
begin..until

value  ( comp: n -- | exec: -- n ) voc: forth

Define value.
...see more...

variable  ( comp: -- <name> | exec: -- addr ) voc: forth

Creation word. Defines a simple precision variable.
...see more...

ver  ( -- ) voc: forth

Display FORTH version language.

warm  ( -- ) voc: forth

Restart clears SRAM data.
...see more...

wd+  ( n -- ) voc: forth

WatchDog On. n = 0..7. 0=16 ms. 7=2000 ms.
ATMEGA
...see more...

wd-  ( -- ) voc: forth

WatchDog Off.
ATMEGA
...see more...

within  ( x1 x2 x3 -- fl ) voc: forth

Tests if the value x1 is in the range x2 x3.

words  ( -- ) voc: forth

List the definition names in the first word list of the search order. The format of the display is implementation-dependent.

xor  ( n1 n2 -- n3 ) voc: forth

Execute logic eXclusif OR.
...see more...

[  ( -- ) voc: forth

Enter interpretation state. [ is an immediate word.
...see more...

[']  ( -- <name> ) voc: forth

COMPILE_ONLY.
Compile xt of name as a literal.

\  ( -- ) voc: forth

Skip rest of line.
...see more...

]  ( -- ) voc: forth

Return to compilation. ] is an immediate word.
...see more...